From paragraph to Essay

What is essay?

Essay is

 

· An essay is a piece of structured writing

· Usually written in formal academic writing

· Analysis of the title

· Reason to do extra reading around your subject area

· Way to assess how well you understand a subject

· Method to consolidate the information you acquire in

   lectures, away on placement or in seminars.

Essay Structures

The Introduction

- Does the essay have a good opening/introductory

paragraph?

- Is the topic clear?

- Is the thesis statement clear? Do you know where the essay

is going?

The Body

- Is the body of the essay orderly? Are ideas in the best

order?

- Does the writer present strong arguments/evidence?

- Are the writer’s arguments convincing?

- Does the writer give enough evidence?

The Conclusion

- Is the conclusion clear?

- Does the conclusion restate the thesis?

- Does the conclusion give the reader closure?

Types of Essays

a) Descriptive

b) Argumentative/analytica l

c) Evaluative (Compare and Contrast)

 The Difference Between Paragraphs and Essays

If you take the parts of a paragraph and expand them, you can create an essay. The topic sentence of your paragraph can become the thesis statement for your essay. Each supporting point can be expanded to become a paragraph by adding more detail and more examples. The only part that is really new for you is the introductory paragraph. Although some paragraphs may present some background information, most do not.

The essay Has Three Parts

Each part of the essay has a specific function. When you are writing your essay think carefully about what each part of your essay is doing.

1.         Introductory Paragraph

Introductory paragraphs take many forms, but their function is basic the same. Some introductory paragraphs use a short story, some provide background information and others ask use quotations or summaries. We will look at introductory paragraphs in detail in another presentation.

2.       Thesis Statements Have Two Parts

Thesis statements, like topic sentences, have two parts. The first part is the general topic. The second part is the specific focus of our essay. In the example, Rome is the general topic. We can write many different essays about Rome. Notice how the focus of the essay changed when the controlling idea changed.

3.       Body of Supporting Paragraphs

Supporting paragraphs are often the first thing that the writer writes when he or she starts an essay. These paragraphs are what the writer really wants to say. Often the thesis statement is written latter to introduce these ideas after they are on paper.

4.         Concluding Paragraph

The concluding paragraphs are the bottom of the essay. The conclusion can signal the end, summarize or restate the main points, make a call to action, offer a recommendation, or make a prediction based on the information presented in the essay.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

How do I create a thesis statement?

A thesis statement is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Sources ;

ttps://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/thesis-statements/

Exercise

Bobot soal

1.         what is essay?(10)

2.       What is thesis statement?(10)

3.       How do create a thesis statement?(15)

improving your skill

4.       Try to explain the function of the essay, such as introductory paragraph?(30)

5.       make  an essay about education?(45)

Organization of Paragraph

What Is a Paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of related sentences about a

single topic. The topic of a paragraph is one, and only one, idea. A paragraph is a basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea. A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences. In the writing, a paragraph is often used to answer a test question.

There are five elements in the organization of paragraph

1.       A topic sentence,

2.       Supporting sentence,

3.        A concluding sentence,

4.       Unity

5.       Coherence.

Topic Sentence

The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. The topic sentence tells the reader what the paragraph is going to be about. The topic sentence is the most general, most important sentence in the paragraph. It  contains both a topic and a controlling idea.

·         introduces the reader to the topic of the paragraph.

·         states the main idea of the paragraph.

·         focuses the paragraph.

The topic sentence contains words that need to be explained, describes, and supported in the sentences that follow in the paragraph. These words are called controlling ideas because they control the information that is given in the paragraph. Notice how the topic sentence of the model states both the topic and the controlling idea.

          

Supporting Sentences

Supporting sentences develop the topic sentence. That is, they explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, facts, statistics, and quotations. Some of the supporting sentences that explain the topic sentence.

For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was

Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science.

The most recent use of gold is in astronauts’ suits.

Concluding Sentence

The sentence that ends the paragraph is called the concluding sentence. It usually uses one or more of the following techniques:

a.       summarizes the material in the paragraph.

b.      offers a solution to the problem stated in the paragraph.

c.       predicts a situation that will result or occur from the statements made in the paragraph.

d.      makes a recommendation concerning material presented in the paragraph.

e.       states a conclusion to information given in the paragraph.

The concluding sentence signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember. In conclusion,  gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility.

Unity

Paragraph unity using a controlling idea. A unified paragraph has a single clear focus, and all its sentences relate to that focus. Unity means that you discuss only one main idea in a paragraph. The main idea is stated in the topic sentence, and then each and every supporting sentence develops that idea. If, for example, you announce in your topic sentence that you are going to discuss two important characteristics of gold, discuss only these.

CoherenceA

Paragraph coherence is organizing ideas

A coherent paragraph moves logically from thought to thought, knitting the thoughts together in an orderly way. Coherence means that your paragraph is easy to read and understand because, your supporting sentences are in some kind of logical order and, your ideas are connected by the use of appropriate transition signals. For example, in the paragraph about gold, there are two supporting ideas: Gold is beautiful and gold is useful.

Characteristics of a Good Paragraph

A good paragraph should have three major structural parts as what have been clearly stated by Oshima and Hogue (1983:3) as follows: for written of good paragraph. The first

How to write of good paragrap the first you should write;

a.              a topic sentence

b.             supporting sentence

c.              concluding sentence and unity, coherence

try to understand the following explanation

1,Topic Sentence

Topic sentence is sentence which states the main idea of the paragraph. Topic sentence not only states the topic of the paragraph but also controls or limits the topic so that it can be discussed completely in the space of single paragraph.

2. Supporting Sentences

Supporting Sentences are sentences that develop topic sentence or main idea. They explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, facts, and statistics, quotations, etc.

3. Concluding Sentence

Concluding Sentence is a sentence in which the writer concludes the paragraph in order to give the reader with important points to note. Instead of having these three major structural parts, a good paragraph should also possess two additional elements:

• Unity

Unity means that all of the supporting sentences develop or discuss the main idea stated in the topic sentence of the paragraph.

• Coherence

Coherence means that the paragraph is easy to read and understand because supporting sentences are organized in logical order and the use of appropriate transition signals.

In summary, a well-written paragraph contains five elements: a topic sentence, supporting sentences, a concluding sentence, unity and coherence. In this module, you will study and practice each of these elements.

Sources ;

hhttps://oniicitradewi.wordpress.com/2012/06/14/characteristics-of-a-good-paragraph/

http://www.englishkita.com/2015/04/paragraph.html

 Exercise

Please read this passage and

Carbon tetrachloride is colorless and on flamemable liquid that can be produced by combining carboon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today because of its effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in the production of propellants.

Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned for home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingridients in cleaning compound that were used throughout the home, but it was found to be dangerous when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas that can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous characteristic, the united states revoked permission for the home use of carboon tetrachloride in 1970. The united states has taken similiars action with various other chemical compound,

Questions

Bobot soal

1.       What is topic sentence about this passage?(10)

2.       What is the title this passage?(10)

3.       What is the function paragraph 1? Explain(20)

4.       What years is the carboon tetrachloride used as a compound of clearing product(10)

5.       Try to conclude this passage using yourself (50)